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| Booklet
of Information |
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The American Board of Otolaryngology's Booklet of
Information details ABOto policy, application requirements
and the testing process. The Booklet is available
for download in Adobe Acrobat format.
Exam Requirements
Maintenance of Certification
Requirements
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Jack L. Gluckman, MBBCH, President
Cincinnati, Ohio
Peter A. Hilger, MD, President-Elect
Edina, Minnesota
Mark A. Richardson, MD, Treasurer
Portland, Oregon
Gerald S. Berke, MD
Los Angles, California
C. Ron Cannon, MD
Jackson, Mississippi
David W. Eisele, MD
San Francisco, California
Ellen M. Friedman, MD
Houston, Texas
James A. Hadley, MD
Naples, Florida
Paul R. Lambert, MD
Charleston, South Carolina
Jesus E. Medina, MD
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Ira Papel, MD
Balitomore, Maryland
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Stephen S. Park, MD
Charlottesville, Virginia
John S. Rhee, MD
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Clough Shelton, MD
Salt Lake City, Utah
Michael G. Stewart, MD
New York, New York
Steven A. Telian, MD
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Randal S. Weber, MD
Houston, Texas
D. Bradley Welling, MD
Columbus, Ohio
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SENIOR
COUNSELORS
Warren Y. Adkins, MD
Bobby R. Alford, MD
Byron J. Bailey, MD
Roger Boles, MD
Wesley H. Bradley, MD
Patrick E. Brookhouser, MD
Robert W. Cantrell, MD
Richard A. Chole, MD
D. Thane Cody, MD
Roger L. Crumley, MD
Charles W. Cummings, MD
Willard E. Fee, Jr., MD
John M. Fredrickson, MD
Bruce J. Gantz, MD
Jerome C. Goldstein, MD
A. Julianna Gulya, MD
Gerald B. Healy, MD
G. Richard Holt, MD
Michael E. Johns, MD
Herbert C. Jones, MD
Jack D. Kerth, MD
Robert I. Kohut, MD
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Charles J. Krause, MD
Wayne F. Larrabee, MD
Paul A. Levine,MD
Robert H. Miller, MD
Richard T. Miyamoto, MD
Eugene N. Myers, MD
H. Bryan Neel, III, MD
Robert H. Ossoff, MD
Michael M. Paparella, MD
Harold C. Pillsbury, III, MD
Loring W. Pratt, MD
Robert J. Ruben, MD
William H. Saunders, MD
David E. Schuller, MD
James B. Snow, MD
M. Stuart Strong, MD
M. Eugene Tardy, Jr., MD
James N. Thompson, MD
Dean M. Toriumi, MD
Neil O. Ward, MD
Paul H. Ward, MD
Gayle E. Woodson, MD
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SENIOR
EXAMINERS
Carol R. Bradford, MD
Anthony Brisset, MD
Craig A. Buchman, MD
Daniel Choo, MD
Terrence A. Day, MD
James C. Denneny, III, MD
Ramon M. Esclamado, MD
Berrylin Ferguson, MD
Paul W. Flint, MD
Neal D. Futran, MD
Douglas A. Girod, MD
George S. Goding, Jr., MD
Joel A. Goebel, MD
Marlan Hansen, MD
George T. Hashisaki, MD
John W. House, MD
David Kim, MD
Dennis H. Kraus, MD
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John D. Kriet, MD
Ronald B. Kuppersmith, MD
Marci M. Lesperance, MD
Manual A. Lopez, MD
Alan Micco, MD
Jeffrey N. Myers, MD
Daniel Nuss, MD
Samuel Selesnick, MD
Kathleen C. Sie, MD
Timothy Smith, MD
Jonathan M. Sykes, MD
Terrance Tsue, MD
Richard W. Waguespack, MD
Tom D. Wang, MD
Brian J. Wong, MD
Nancy M. Young, MD
Bevan Yueh, MD
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ORAL
EXAMINERS
Amit Agrawal, MD
Ronald G. Amedee, MD
Anthony E. Brissett, MD
Hilary A. Brodie, MD
Jeffrey M. Bumpous, MD
Patrick J. Byrne, MD
William R. Carroll, MD
Sukgi S. Choi, MD
Francisco J. Civantos, MD
Marion E. Couch, MD
Mark S. Courey, MD
Terrence A. Day, MD
James C. Denneny, III, MD
Ellen S. Deutsch, MD
Donald T. Donovan, MD
Ramon M. Esclamado, MD
Marvin P. Fried, MD
John L. Frodel, MD
Gerry F. Funk, MD
Neal D. Futran, MD
Douglas A. Girod, MD
Michael G. Glenn, MD
George S. Goding, Jr., MD
Christine G. Gourin, MD
Jennifer R. Grandis, MD
Thomas J. Haberkamp, MD
Marlan R. Hansen, MD
David S. Haynes, MD
Jenifer L. Henderson, MD
Wesley L. Hicks, Jr., MD
John F. Hoffmann, MD
Michael R. Holtel, MD
David B. Hom, MD
John R. Houck, Jr., MD
John W. House, MD
Michael M. Johns, III, MD
Margaret A. Kenna, MD
Bradley W. Kesser, MD
David W. Kim, MD
Theda C. Kontis, MD
Howard S. Kotler, MD
Dennis H. Kraus, MD
Greg A. Krempl, MD
Russell W. Kridel, MD
Ronald B. Kuppersmith, MD
David I. Kutler, MD
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Marci M. Lesperance, MD
Greg R. Licameli, MD
Manuel A. Lopez, MD
Bradley F. Marple, MD
John T. McElveen, Jr., MD
Sean O. McMenomey, MD
Albert L. Merati, MD
Alan G. Micco, MD
Donna J. Millay, MD
Craig S. Murakami, MD
Shawn D. Newlands, MD
Randal A. Otto, MD
Karen T. Pitman, MD
Jennifer P. Porter, MD
James S. Reilly, MD
John S. Rhee, MD
John T. Roland, Jr., MD
Jay T. Rubinstein, MD
James E. Saunders, MD
Michael D. Seidman, MD
Samuel H. Selesnick, MD
Brent A. Senior, MD
Clough Shelton, MD
David A. Sherris, MD
Kathleen C. Sie, MD
C. Blake Simpson, MD
Jonathan M. Sykes, MD
Steven A. Telian, MD
David J. Terris, MD
Terance T. Tsue, MD
Debara L. Tucci, MD
Mark A. Varvares, MD
P. A. Wackym, MD
Richard W. Waguespack, MD
Mark K. Wax, MD
Ivan Wayne, MD
Peter C. Weber, MD
Randal S. Weber, MD
D. Bradley Welling, MD
Richard J. Wiet, MD
Jay P. Willging, MD
Audie L. Woolley, MD
Kathleen L. Yaremchuk, MD
Nancy M. Young, MD
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HISTORY
The American Board of Otolaryngology (ABOto) was founded and
incorporated in 1924, and is the second oldest of the twenty-four
member boards of the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS).
The Board1 is a non-profit corporation, and the directors and
examiners receive no compensation, with the exception of the
President and the Examination Chairs who receive an honorarium.
Founding members included two representatives from each of the
following specialty organizations: the American Laryngological
Association, the American Otological Society, the American Laryngological,
Rhinological and Otological Society, the American Academy of
Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, and the Section on Laryngology,
Otology and Rhinology of the American Medical Association. This
group of ten founding members, delegated authority by the above
organizations, was established as the ABOto.
Since then, several other organizations have become sponsoring
organizations: the American Broncho- Esophagological Association
(1947), the American Society for Head and Neck Surgery (1947),
the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
(1971), the American Society of Ophthalmologic and Otolaryngologic
Allergy (1974), the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology
(1989), the American Neurotology Society (1991), the American
Rhinologic Society (1994), the Association of Academic Departments
of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (1995), and the Society
of University Otolaryngologists-Head and Neck Surgeons (1995).
The ABOto is located in Houston, Texas, and is a separate and
distinct organization from the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head
and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) located in Alexandria, Virginia,
which is the specialty's largest membership organization.
1In this publication, "Board" refers to the American
Board of Otolaryngology, Inc.
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DEFINITION
OF A CERTIFIED SPECIALIST IN
THIS FIELD OF MEDICINE**
An otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon is a physician who
has been prepared by an accredited residency program to provide
comprehensive medical and surgical care of patients with diseases
and disorders that affect the ears, the respiratory and upper
alimentary systems and related structures of the head and neck.
The otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon should have command
of the core knowledge and understanding of:
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The basic medical sciences relevant to the head and neck;
the respiratory and upper alimentary systems; the communication
sciences, including knowledge of audiology and speech-language
pathology; the chemical senses and allergy/immunology, endocrinology
and neurology as they relate to the head and neck;
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The clinical aspects of diagnosis and the medical and/or
surgical therapy or prevention for diseases, neoplasms,
deformities, disorders and/or injuries of the ears, the
respiratory and upper alimentary systems, the face, jaws,
and the other head and neck systems. Head and neck oncology
and facial plastic and reconstructive surgery are fundamental
areas of expertise.
**As printed in Which Medical Specialist For You, a publication
of the American Board of Medical Specialties
CERTIFICATION,
REJECTION AND REVOCATION
(From the Bylaws, Article VII)
The Board may issue an appropriate certificate
of qualification in otolaryngology (or in a subdivision thereof)
to those who show themselves worthy of such certification according
to the requirements of training and experience as stated in
the current Booklet of Information of the Board.
All certificates issued by this Board are the property of the
Board, and they are issued pursuant to the rules and regulations
as outlined in the current Booklet of Information of the Board.
The Board makes no representations as to whether its certification
process will satisfy the recertification or specialty certification
requirements of any state medical board. Any such determination
must be made by the state medical board.
Each certificate is issued to an individual physician who,
by signature, agrees to revocation of the certificate if the
Board shall determine that the person involved:
a. did not possess the required qualifications and other requirements
or is not eligible for examination, whether or not such deficiency
was known to the Board or any member thereof, or could have
been ascertained by the Board prior to examination or at the
time of the issuance of a certificate as the case may be;
b. made a material misstatement or withheld information in
his/her application or any other representation to the Board
or any Committee thereof, whether intentional or unintentional;
c. has been convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction
of any felony;
d. has been convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction
of any misdemeanor involving moral turpitude or, in the opinion
of the Board, having a material relationship to the practice
of medicine;
e. had a license to practice medicine revoked or shall have
been disciplined or censured by any court or other body having
proper jurisdiction or authority, because of any act or omission
arising from the practice of medicine, including, but not limited
to, a state licensing board, a healthcare facility, or a medical
staff;
f. has neglected to maintain appropriate professional standards
in the practice of the specialty of otolaryngology, as established
by the Board, and shall refuse to submit to reexamination by
the Board; or
g. has failed to comply with the Maintenance of Certification
process (for those certified in 2002 and thereafter).
The Board may be required and, in any event, reserves the right
to report revocation of a diplomate's certificate to accrediting,
credentialing and licensing bodies and government agencies.
If the Board determines to withhold or revoke
any certificate for any reason set forth above, the person affected
thereby shall be given written notice of the reasons therefor.
If circumstances warrant, the Board may require any physician
so certified to appear before the Board of Directors, before
any one or more of them, or before an individual designated
by the Board upon not less than 20 days written notice, and
to show cause at that time and place specified in the notice
why the certificate may not be revoked on any one of the grounds
specified in such notice. If such a hearing is convened, the
physician may bring to this hearing persons or documents in
defense of any action. Failure of any physician so notified
to appear as required in such notice, without due excuse deemed
sufficient to the Board of Directors, shall constitute cause
for revocation of the certificate. The Board of Directors of
the American Board of Otolaryngology shall have the sole power,
jurisdiction and right to determine and decide whether the evidence
and information before it is sufficient to constitute one of
the grounds for withholding or revocation of any certificate
issued by the Board. Any such action or determination by the
Board shall be regarded as final.
EXAMINATION
PROCEDURES
The Board vigorously enforces the highest standards
of honesty and integrity in its examination processes. Accordingly,
the following are considered a breach of ABOto policy and are
forbidden, and may be sufficient cause for the ABOto to terminate
an applicant's participation in the examination, to invalidate
the results of the examination, to withhold an applicant's score
or certificate, to bar an applicant permanently from all future
examinations, to revoke a certificate, or to take other appropriate
action:
1. Falsification of the application or the submission of any
falsified documents to the ABOto;
2. The giving or receiving of aid in the examination, including
but not limited to, copying answers from another candidate or
permitting one's answers to be copied, as evidenced by observation
at the time of the examination or by statistical analysis afterward;
3. The offer of any financial or other benefit to any director,
officer, employee, proctor, or other agent or representative
of the ABOto in return for any right, privilege or benefit which
is not usually granted by the ABOto to other similarly situated
candidates or persons;
4. The unauthorized possession, reproduction, recording, discussion
or disclosure of any material, including but not limited to,
written, oral or OTE examination questions or answers before,
during, or after the examination.
Proctors are required to report any suspected irregularity
during an examination. A candidate may be moved to a more isolated
area, or his/her participation in the examination may be terminated.
Additionally, the ABOto may undertake statistical studies of
a candidate's answers compared with the answers of other participants
in the examination to provide evidence that would support or
fail to support a suspected irregularity. If, in the opinion
of the ABOto, there exists a probability that an irregularity
occurred, the ABOto will afford the suspected individual(s)
procedural due process in order to assure fairness in the determination
as to whether an irregularity occurred.
The ABOto will not report scores or grant certification on the
basis of scores which it determines to be invalid, and reserves
the right to take whatever legal action is indicated with regard
to violation of ABOto copyright or examination violations.
BOARD
ELIGIBILITY & STATUS INQUIRIES
The ABOto does not recognize or use the term "board eligible."
The Board states whether an individual is certified, is not
certified, or is in the process of being examined (i.e., between
written and oral examinations).
APPLICANTS
WITH DISABILITIES
The ABOto fully supports the intent of the Americans with Disabilities
Act (ADA). Upon request, ABOto will make reasonable accommodations
in its examination procedures for candidates with documented
disabilities. An applicant who believes that he or she is disabled
within the meaning of the ADA law should request detailed information
concerning ABOto's policy regarding accommodation so that his
or her special needs can be met in a timely manner. Current
documentation of the disability must accompany the application.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY TRAINING
EXAMINATION
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
The Otolaryngology Training Exam (OTE) is intended to be used
as an educational instrument to assist individuals in evaluating
their educational progress as compared with others of the same
level of expertise or training.
As such, it is appropriate for program directors to use the
aggregate performance of their residents when evaluating the
strengths and weaknesses of their educational program. It is
inappropriate for program directors to use this measure of resident
performance as the sole form of assessment when evaluating residents
for advancement.
EXAMINATION
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The OTE is a closed-book, proctored, timed examination
offered once a year to all interested practitioners and
residents in the specialty.
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More than 100 test centers administer the exam annually
throughout the US and Canada, and the exam is available
in other countries. Interested parties located outside the
US and Canada should contact the ABOto office for more information
about the OTE.
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Any resident, practicing otolaryngologist-head and neck
surgeon, or other interested physician may register for
the OTE.
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Test scores are confidential for practitioners; resident
scores are reported to their training programs.
APPLICATIONS
The OTE application is available to all programs online. The
application becomes available September 1 of each year.
PRIMARY CERTIFICATION
EXAM
INTRODUCTION
The ABOto certification process consists of two phases: a written
qualifying examination, and an oral certifying examination.
All candidates must take a written examination which is offered
in the fall of each year on a Friday. All who achieve the qualifying score on the written exam then
take an oral exam. The oral exam is offered the following spring on a Saturday or Sunday. Candidates
who do not achieve the qualifying score on the written exam
fail. They may retake the
written and oral exam in a subsequent year.
Oral Exam Candidates are
given three consecutive opportunities to take and pass the oral
exam. If a passing score is not achieved after three exam cycles,
the candidate must reapply to take the written exam.
Written and oral examination scores are not combined. An individual
must successfully complete both the written and the oral exam
in order to be certified. A certificate is granted by the ABOto
to a candidate who has met all the requirements and has satisfactorily
passed its examinations.
Requests for an appeal regarding a certification decision must
be postmarked within forty days of the date exam results are
postmarked at the ABOto office. A copy of the Appeals Policy
as related to the certification process is available upon request.
The Board makes no representation as to whether its certification
process satisfies the recertification or specialty certification
requirements of any state medical board. Any such determination
must be made by the state medical board.
The purpose of the examination is to determine the candidate's
knowledge and understanding of the following:
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Morphology, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, microbiology,
biochemistry, genetics, and immunology relevant to the head
and neck; the respiratory and upper alimentary systems;
the communication sciences, including knowledge of audiology
and speech-language pathology; the chemical senses and allergy/immunology,
endocrinology, and neurology as they relate to the head
and neck.
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Diagnosis and diagnostic methods including audiologic and
vestibular assessments, electrophysiologic techniques, and
other related laboratory procedures for diseases and disorders
of the ears, the respiratory and upper alimentary systems,
and the head and neck.
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Therapeutic and diagnostic radiology, including the interpretation
of medical imaging techniques relevant to the head, neck,
and thorax, including the temporal bone, skull, nose, paranasal
sinuses, salivary and thyroid glands, larynx, neck, lungs,
and esophagus.
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Diagnostic evaluation and management of congenital anomalies,
allergy, sleep disorders, trauma, and other diseases in
the regions and systems mentioned above.
- The cognitive management, including operative intervention
with its preoperative and postoperative care, of congenital,
inflammatory, endocrine, neoplastic, degenerative and traumatic
states, including:
a. temporal bone surgery
b. paranasal sinus and nasal surgery
c. skull-base surgery
d. maxillofacial surgery including the orbits, jaws and
facial skeleton
e. aesthetic, plastic and reconstructive surgery of the
face, head and neck
f. surgery of the thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary and salivary
glands
g. head and neck reconstructive surgery relating to the
restoration of form and function in congenital anomalies
and head and neck trauma and neoplasms
h. endoscopy, both diagnostic and therapeutic
i. surgery of the lymphatic tissues of the head and neck.
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The habilitation and rehabilitation techniques and procedures
pertaining to respiration, deglutition, chemoreception,
balance, speech, and hearing.
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The current literature, especially pertaining to the areas
listed above.
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Research methodology.
In order to assist otolaryngology Program Directors in evaluating
their programs, the Board reports each applicant's examination
results to the director of the program in which the applicant
completed his/her senior resident year.
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TRAINING
REQUIREMENTS
Training programs in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery in
the United States are evaluated by the Residency Review Committee
for Otolaryngology (RRC), which consists of representatives
from the American Medical Association (AMA), the American College
of Surgeons (ACS) and the ABOto, and are accredited by the Accreditation
Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Information
concerning approved educational programs can be found in the
Graduate Medical Education Directory published by the American
Medical Association.
Individuals who entered otolaryngology-head and neck surgery
training between July 1, 2000 - June 30, 2005 must satisfactorily
complete a minimum of five years of training, as specified below,
in an ACGME-approved program(s):
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At least ONE YEAR of general surgical training. It is
preferred that the general surgical residency be taken prior
to otolaryngologic training, but it may not be taken after
otolaryngologic training.
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At least FOUR YEARS of residency training in otolaryngology-head
and neck surgery. This training must involve increasing
responsibility each year and must include a final year of
senior experience. This final year must be spent within
the accredited program in which the previous year of training
was spent, unless prior approval is obtained from the ABOto.
Individuals who enter otolaryngology-head and neck surgery training
on or after July 1, 2005 must satisfactorily complete a minimum
of five years of training, as specified below, in an ACGME-approved
program(s):
Residency programs must be of five years duration, with at
least nine months of basic surgical, emergency medicine, critical
care, and anesthesia training within the first year; including
at least 48 months of progressive education in the specialty.
This training must include a final year of senior experience.
This final year must be spent within the accredited program
in which the previous year of training was spent, unless prior
approval is obtained from the ABOto.
The first year of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery training
should include a minimum of five months of structured education
in at least three of the following: general surgery, thoracic
surgery, vascular surgery, plastic surgery, and surgical oncology.
In addition, one month of structured education in each of the
following four clinical areas: emergency medicine, critical
care unit, anesthesia, and neurological surgery. An additional
maximum of three months of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery
is optional, and any remaining months of the PGY-1 year must
be completed in an ACGME approved program, or rotations specifically
approved by the RRC.
All residency training must be completed in a manner acceptable
to the Director of that residency program.
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RESIDENT
REGISTRY
All residents must be registered with the ABOto during the
first year of otolaryngology training in order to subsequently
apply to take the certification examination.
A New Resident Form must be filed for each new resident by
the Program Director by July 10 of the first year of otolaryngology-head
and neck surgery training.
The Program Director subsequently submits a Resident Evaluation
Form for each returning resident by July 10 of each year. It
must be noted whether the previous year was successfully completed.
Resident Evaluation Forms become part of the individual's ABOto
file, and are a prerequisite for application for the certification
examination. Credit may not be granted by the ABOto for any
year of training for which an Evaluation Form is not received.
Programs not meeting the July 10 deadline for submission of
forms will be assessed a late fee.
LEAVES
OF ABSENCE
Leaves of absence and vacation may be granted to residents
at the discretion of the Program Director in accordance with
local rules. The total of such leaves and vacation may not exceed
six weeks in any one year. If a circumstance occurs in which
a resident absence exceeds the six weeks per year outlined by
the ABOto, the program director must submit a plan to the ABOto
for approval on how the training will be made up which may require
an extension of the residency.
TRANSFERS
A resident wishing to transfer from one residency program to
another must notify the ABOto in writing at least six weeks
prior to the date of transfer, and must explain the circumstances
of the proposed transfer.
Letters from the current and prospective directors of training
must also be submitted:
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The letter from the current Program Director must verify
the exact amount of training successfully completed in the
program and explain the reason for the transfer.
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The letter from the prospective Program Director must verify
that sufficient residency positions, accredited by the Residency
Review Committee for Otolaryngology of the Accreditation
Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), exist in
the program to provide the transferring resident with the
training necessary to meet the requirements of the ABOto
for certification.
Failure to comply with the transfer requirements may result
in loss of eligibility to participate in the ABOto certification
process.
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FOREIGN
TRAINING
An applicant who entered otolaryngologic training in the United
Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland prior to July 1, 2000 in
a program accredited by the Specialist Advisory Committee, and
who received a certificate of accreditation in otolaryngology
from the Joint Committee on Higher Surgical Training in the
United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland may be considered
for examination.
An applicant who entered otolaryngologic training under the
New Zealand program after January 1, 1984 but before July 1,
2000 and who passed the examination leading to Fellowship in
the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons may be considered
for examination.
An applicant who entered otolaryngologic training under the
Australian program after January 1, 1986 but before July 1,
2000 and who passed the examination leading to Fellowship in
the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons may be considered
for examination.
Individuals who entered otolaryngologic training in Canadian
programs prior to July 1, 2000 may be considered for examination.
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APPLICATIONS
EXAMINATION
There is no required time interval between completion of the
residency program and making application for examination. However,
all residency training must be successfully completed before
the date of the examination in any given year.
Application materials for the September 28, 2012 Written Examination will
be available on March 1, 2012 via the ABOto online application. The following items are required for application:
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Resident Registry Evaluations, submitted annually by the
Program Director.
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Applicants who have not participated in the Resident Registry
through their residency program must provide an official
certified medical school transcript, submitted directly
to the ABOto by the institution. The transcript must show
the date the degree was conferred. If the transcript is
in a language other than English, the resident will subsequently
be billed for translation expenses incurred by the ABOto.
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Residents entering otolaryngology training prior to July
1, 2005 must submit a Verification of Surgery/Verification
of Additional Residencies Form to the ABOto by November
1 of the first year of otolaryngology training. Residents
who entered training on or after July 1, 2005 and who have
prior surgery residency training must submit the verification
form to the ABOto by November 1 of the first year of otolaryngology
training.
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Application Form, signed by the Program Director and the
Program Chair.
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If more than one otolaryngology program was attended,
a Verification of Otolaryngology Residency Form must be
signed by the previous Program Director, attesting to satisfactory
completion of training in that program.
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Verification of ALL licenses to practice medicine, showing
non-restricted status and date of expiration of each. All
applicants must submit evidence of medical licensure, with
the following exceptions:
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Individuals who have completed residency training but who
will enter a fellowship program utilizing an institutional
license must submit a statement from the Program Director
as evidence of this fact.
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Individuals who have completed residency training but
who will go on to practice medicine in a foreign country
not requiring licensure must make a written request to be
accepted for the examination without medical license. Such
requests must be submitted with the application.
- The applicant must possess high moral, ethical and professional
qualifications as determined by, and in the sole discretion
of, the Board. Additional information may be requested by
the Board from the following: Federation of State Medical
Boards, local medical society, board certified otolaryngologists
from the geographical area in which the applicant practices,
the director of the applicant's training program, hospital
chiefs of staff, and/or other individuals and entities who
may have knowledge of the applicant's moral and ethical standing,
qualifications or abilities.
- Applications are approved by the Credentials Committee in July, and applicants are then notified if they have been
approved for examination. The Board reserves the right to
reject any application.
Applications are valid for one written exam and three oral
exams. At the conclusion of this period, or upon failure of
the written exam, the application expires, and the individual
is required to submit new forms.
- The ABOto maintains the full, legal name of the applicant
for its records. If, at any time after submission of the application,
the legal name of the applicant changes due to marriage, divorce
or other circumstances, the applicant must provide copies
of the official documentation of the change. It is not possible
to maintain two names (i.e., a legal name and a professional
name) for any one individual. At the time of any examination,
the name on the official identification (i.e., driver's license
or passport) must match the name on record at the ABOto.
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SUBSPECIALTY CERTIFICATION
OBJECTIVES
OF SUBSPECIALTY CERTIFICATION
The objectives of the American Board of Otolaryngology (ABOto)
with regard to subspecialty certification are:
1. To establish standards of qualification for otolaryngologist-head
and neck surgeons who desire and request subspecialty certification.
2. To determine which subspecialty candidates fulfill these
standards of qualification.
3. To examine such candidates and issue certificates upon
satisfactory completion of requirements.
4. To encourage development and maintenance of the highest
standards in the teaching and training of subspecialists.
The ABOto subspecialty certificate carries with it no legal
qualification or license to practice medicine. There is no intention
by the Board to interfere with or limit the professional activities
of any licensed physician, whether certified or not. It is neither
the intent nor the purpose of the Board to define requirements
for membership on the staffs of hospitals or similar institutions
or to confer special privileges upon its diplomates.
The Standard Pathway is open to ABOto diplomates in good standing
who have satisfactorily completed an ACGME-accredited neurotology
subspecialty residency program. Pre-requisite requirements are
as follows:
RESIDENT
REGISTRY
All subspecialty residents must be registered with the ABOto
during the first year of subspecialty training in order to subsequently
apply to take the subspecialty certification examination.
A New Subspecialty Resident Form must be filed for each new
subspecialty resident by the Program Director by July 10 of
the first year of neurotology training.
The Program Director subsequently submits a Subspecialty Resident
Evaluation Form for each returning subspecialty resident by
July 10 of each year. It must be noted whether the previous
year was successfully completed.
Subspecialty Resident Evaluation Forms become part of the individual's
ABOto file, and are a prerequisite for application for the certification
examination. Credit may not be granted by the ABOto for any
year of training for which an Evaluation Form is not received.
Programs not meeting the July 10 deadline will be assessed a
$200 late fee.
TRANSFERS
A subspecialty resident wishing to transfer from one subspecialty
residency program to another must notify the ABOto in writing
at least six weeks prior to the date of transfer, and must explain
the circumstances of the proposed transfer.
Letters from the current and prospective directors of training
must also be submitted:
o The letter from the current Program Director must verify
the exact amount of training successfully completed in the program
and the reasons for the transfer.
o The letter from the prospective Program Director must verify
that sufficient subspecialty residency positions, accredited
by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education
(ACGME), exist in the program to provide the transferring subspecialty
resident with the training necessary to meet the requirements
of the ABOto for neurotology certification.
Failure to comply may result in loss of eligibility to participate
in the ABOto subspecialty certification process.
Neurotology Subspecialty Exam
DEFINITION OF A NEUROTOLOGIST
A neurotologist is an American Board of Otolaryngology-certified
otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon who has been prepared
by an ACGME-accredited subspecialty residency program (fellowship)
or who meets the Alternate Pathway criteria to provide comprehensive
medical and surgical care of patients with diseases and disorders
that affect the temporal bone, lateral skull base and related
structures of the head and neck.
The neurotologist should have command of the core knowledge
and understanding of:
-
the basic medical sciences relevant to the temporal bone,
lateral skull base and related structures; the communication
sciences, including knowledge of audiology, endocrinology
and neurology as they relate to the temporal bone, lateral
skull base and related structures.
-
advanced diagnostic expertise and advanced medical and
surgical management skills for the care of diseases and
disorders of the petrous apex, infratemporal fossa, internal
auditory canals, cranial nerves and lateral skull base (including
the occipital bone, sphenoid bone, temporal bone, mesial
aspect of the dura and intradural management), in conjunction
with neurological surgery.
A neurotologist has acquired expertise in the medical and surgical
management of diseases and disorders of the temporal bone, lateral
skull base, and related structures beyond that inherent to the
practice of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery by virtue of
either:
1. satisfactory completion of an ACGME-accredited neurotology
subspecialty training program (Standard Pathway), or
2. satisfactory completion of a neurotologic practice over
at least a seven year period (Alternate Pathway).
NOTE: THE ALTERNATE PATHWAY WILL REMAIN VALID THROUGH THE
2012 EXAMINATION, APPLICATIONS FOR WHICH ARE DUE BY SEPTEMBER
1, 2011. AFTER WHICH THE STANDARD PATHWAY WILL BE THE ONLY ROUTE
TO NEUROTOLOGY SUBSPECIALTY CERTIFICATION.
INTRODUCTION
The ABOto neurotology subcertification process consists of an
oral examination. All candidates must successfully complete
this examination in order to become certified. A certificate,
which is valid for 10 years, is granted by the ABOto to a candidate
who meets all requirements and satisfactorily passes this exam.
Requests for an appeal regarding a subspecialty certification
decision must be postmarked within forty days of the date exam
results are postmarked at the ABOto office. A copy of the Appeals
Policy as related to the subspecialty certification process
is available upon request.
The Board makes no representations as to whether its certification
process will satisfy the recertification or specialty certification
requirements of any state medical board. Any such determination
must be made by the state medical board.
The purpose of the subspecialty examination in neurotology
is to determine the candidate's knowledge and understanding
in the following categories, which exceed that expected of an
ABOto diplomate holding a primary certificate in Otolaryngology.
1. Morphology, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, microbiology,
biochemistry, genetics, allergy and immunology relevant to the
temporal bone, lateral skull base and related structures; the
communication sciences, including knowledge of audiology; endocrinology,
and neurology as they relate to the temporal bone, lateral skull
base and related structures; neurophysiology, neuropathophysiology,
diagnosis, and therapy of advanced neurotologic disorders, including
advanced audiologic and vestibular testing; evaluation of cranial
nerves and related structures; interpretation of imaging techniques
of the temporal bone and lateral skull base; and electrophysiologic
monitoring of cranial nerves VII, VIII, X, XI and XII.
2. Audiometric testing including auditory brainstem responses
and otoacoustic emissions.
3. Vestibular testing, facial nerve testing, electrophysiologic
monitoring strategies, and neuroradiologic procedures used to
evaluate the temporal bone, skull base and related structures.
4. Diagnostic expertise and ability to develop medical and
surgical management strategies, including intracranial exposure,
and postoperative care necessary to treat congenital, inflammatory,
neoplastic, idiopathic, allergic, immunologic, and traumatic
diseases of the petrous apex, internal auditory canal, cerebellopontine
angle, cranial nerves, and lateral skull base, including the
occipital bone, temporal bone, and craniovertebral junction.
5. Diagnostic evaluation and management of the surgical revision
procedures for the treatment of chronic otitis media; disorders
of the vestibular system; otosclerosis; profound hearing loss;
facial nerve disorders; and congenital, inflammatory, neoplastic,
idiopathic, and traumatic disorders of the extradural petrous
bone and apex, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, and related structures.
6. Advanced surgical techniques to deal with diseases and disorders
of the auditory and vestibular systems; extradural skull base,
including the sphenoid bone, temporal bone, and reconstructive
techniques for repair of deficits in these areas.
7. The habilitation and rehabilitation techniques and procedures
pertaining to vestibular disorders, hearing disorders (including
but not limited to, hearing aids, cochlear implants and assistive
listening devices), and cranial nerve neuropathies, as well
as the speech rehabilitation of the hearing impaired.
8. The diagnosis and medical and surgical management of congenital,
traumatic, inflammatory, degenerative, neoplastic, allergic,
immunologic, and idiopathic diseases and other disease states
of the temporal bone, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, craniovertebral
junction, and related structures are required experiences.
9. The current literature, especially pertaining to the areas
listed above.
10. Research methodology.
In order to assist otolaryngology Program Directors in evaluating
their programs, the Board reports each applicant's examination
results to the director of the program in which the applicant
completed his/her neurotology subspecialty residency training,
if appropriate.
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TRAINING
REQUIREMENTS
Subspecialty training programs in neurotology in the United
States are evaluated by the Residency Review Committee for Otolaryngology
(RRC), which consists of representatives from the American Medical
Association (AMA), the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and
the ABOto, and are accredited by the Accreditation Council for
Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Information concerning approved
educational programs can be found in the Graduate Medical Education
Directory published by the American Medical Association.
All subspecialty residency training must be completed in ACGME-approved
programs in a manner acceptable to the Director of that subspecialty
residency program.
At this time, there are two pathways to achieving subspecialty
certification in neurotology.
APPLICATION - STANDARD PATHWAY
There is no required time interval between completion of the
subspecialty residency program and making application for examination.
However, all subspecialty residency training must be successfully
completed before the date of the examination in any given year.
Application materials for the examination in any given year
become available June 1 on the ABOto website at www.aboto.org
and must be completed and returned (postmarked) by September
1 of that year. The application consists of the following:
1. Verification of American Board of Otolaryngology certification.
2. Subspecialty Resident Registry Evaluations, submitted annually
by the Program Director.
3. Application Form, signed by the Program Director and another
ABOto diplomate.
4. If more than one neurotology program was attended, an additional
Verification of Neurotology Subspecialty Residency Form must
be signed by the previous Program Director, attesting to satisfactory
completion of training in that program.
5. Verification of ALL licenses to practice medicine, showing
non-restricted status and date of expiration of each. All applicants
must submit evidence of medical licensure, with the following
exception:
Individuals who have completed subspecialty residency training
but who will go on to practice medicine in a foreign country
not requiring licensure must make a written request to be accepted
for the examination without medical license. Such requests must
be submitted with the application.
6. Operative Experience Report (print-out), which lists procedures
assisted in and performed by the applicant during neurotology
subspecialty residency, signed by the applicant and the Program
Director.
7. The applicant must possess high moral, ethical and professional
qualifications as determined by, and in the sole discretion
of the Board. Additional information may be requested by the
Board from the following: Federation of State Medical Boards,
local medical society, board certified otolaryngologists from
the geographical area in which the applicant practices, the
director of the applicant's training program, hospital chiefs
of staff, and/or other individuals and entities who may have
knowledge of the applicant's moral and ethical standing, qualifications
or abilities.
8. Applications are approved by the Credentials Committee in
October, and applicants are then notified if they have been
approved for examination. The Board reserves the right to reject
any application.
APPLICATION: ALTERNATE PATHWAY
The Alternate Pathway allows ABOto diplomates in good standing
who have not completed an ACGME-accredited neurotology subspecialty
residency to sit for the neurotology subspecialty certification
examination. THIS PATHWAY IS VALID ONLY THROUGH THE 2012 EXAMINATION,
APPLICATIONS FOR WHICH ARE DUE BY SEPTEMBER 1, 2011. THEREAFTER,
ALL INDIVIDUALS WISHING TO SIT FOR THE NEUROTOLOGY SUBSPECIALTY
CERTIFICATION EXAM MUST UTILIZE THE STANDARD PATHWAY (see above).
Application materials for the examination in any given year
become available June 1 on the ABOto website at www.aboto.org
and must be completed and returned (postmarked) by September
1 of that year. The application consists of the following:
1. The applicant must be an ABOto diplomate in good standing.
2. The applicant must have at least seven (7) years of clinical
practice experience in neurotology.
3. The applicant must demonstrate that he/she has participated
in at least ten (10) cases of intracranial exposures (i.e.,
translabyrinthine, middle cranial fossa, infratemporal fossa,
and/or posterior fossa) over a two year period proceeding the
year of application.
The applicant must enter and submit his/her operative experiences
over the two-year period immediately preceding the date of application
using the on-line Operative Experience Report. The report must
be signed by the applicant and the chief of staff or hospital
director.
4. Application Form, signed by two ABOto diplomates.
5. Verification of ALL licenses to practice medicine, showing
non-restricted status and date of expiration.
6. The applicant must possess high moral, ethical and professional
qualifications as determined by, and in the sole discretion
of the Board. Additional information may be requested by the
Board from the following: Federation of State Medical Boards,
local medical society, board certified otolaryngologists from
the geographical area in which the applicant practices, the
director of the applicant's training program, hospital chiefs
of staff, and/or other individuals and entities who may have
knowledge of the applicant's moral and ethical standing, qualifications
or abilities.
7. Applications are approved by the Credentials Committee in
October, and applicants are then notified if they have been
approved for examination. The Board reserves the right to reject
any application.
A fee of $200 is charged for data and/or print-outs not received
by the September 1 deadline.
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Sleep Medicine Subspecialty Exam
DEFINITION
OF A SLEEP MEDICINE SPECIALIST
A sleep medicine specialist certified by the American Board
of Otolaryngology is a certified otolaryngologist-head and neck
surgeon who has been prepared by an ACGME-accredited subspecialty
residency program (fellowship) or who meets the Alternate Pathway
criteria to provide comprehensive medical care of patients with
diseases and disorders of sleep. The sleep medicine specialist
should have command of the core knowledge and understanding
of: the basic medical sciences relevant to normal sleep and
sleep disorders; advanced diagnostic expertise and advanced
medical management skills for the care of diseases and disorders
of patients with sleep disorders.
INTRODUCTION
The American Board of Otolaryngology is one of the four sponsoring
boards of the ABMS Conjoint Board of Sleep Medicine. Otolaryngologists
certified by the American Board of Otolaryngology are eligible
to apply to take the Sleep Medicine subcertification examination.
-
The examination is a computer based examination which is
administered in various testing sites around the country.
-
The examination covers the full spectrum of Sleep Medicine
including obstructive sleep apnea as well as such topics
as narcolepsy, insomnia, restless leg, etc. The examination
is the same for all examinees regardless of specialty.
-
There are two pathways to become eligible to take the exam.
The Standard Pathway requires that the applicant complete
an ACGME accredited fellowship.
The Alternate Pathway will be open for five years, and
in order to be eligible under this pathway, one of the
following criteria must be met:
1. Current certification by the non-ABMS Board
of Sleep Medicine
2. Completion of a one-year fellowship in Sleep Medicine
3. Demonstrate the equivalent of one year of practice
in Sleep Medicine over a maximum of a five year period.
THIS PATHWAY IS VALID ONLY THROUGH THE 2011 EXAMINATION,
APPLICATIONS FOR WHICH ARE DUE BY MAY 1, 2011. THEREAFTER, ALL
INDIVIDUALS WISHING TO SIT FOR THE SLEEP MEDICINE SUBSPECIALTY
CERTIFICATION EXAM MUST UTILIZE THE STANDARD PATHWAY (see above).
A candidate who takes the 2011 exam under the Alternate
Pathway and fails will be allowed to apply for future sleep
medicine examinations.
Diplomates who are certified in Sleep Medicine will be required
to participate in Maintenance of Certification to maintain their
Sleep Medicine certificate.
Anyone interested in more information should contact the ABOto
office.
CERTIFICATION
REQUIREMENTS
To achieve certification in sleep medicine, candidates from
the American Board of Otolaryngology must hold a valid certificate
in otolaryngology and fulfill the following requirements:
- Satisfactory documentation of requisite practice experience
or formal training requirements, as specified in descriptions
of the practice and training pathways below.
- Possession of a valid, unrestricted, and unchallenged license
to practice medicine in all states in which the applicant
practices.
- Successful performance on the ABOto Sleep Medicine Certification
Examination
PRACTICE EXPERIENCE AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
Alternate Pathway
For the first five years (2007 through 2011), ABOto diplomates
who have not completed 12 months of formal training in sleep
medicine following otolaryngology training will be eligible
to apply for the sleep medicine examination if they provide
the following:
- Attestation of the equivalent of 12 months of full-time
post-training experience providing clinical care in sleep
medicine accumulated over a maximum of five years prior to
application for examination (sleep medicine fellowship training
of less than 12 months will be credited on a month-by-month
basis as practice experience, provided that it has not been
credited toward requirements for admission to another ABOto
examination);
AND
Attestation of practice experience on a "Form Attesting
Sleep Medicine Practice" documenting the above experience
includes evaluating a minimum of 400 patients, as well as interpreting
and reviewing the data of 200 polysomnograms and 25 multiple
sleep latency tests. The American Board of Otolaryngology reserves
the right to audit this information.
OR
- Documentation of certification by the non-ABMS American
Board of Sleep Medicine.
Training Pathway
The training pathway for ABOto candidates requires 12 months
of satisfactorily completed sleep medicine fellowship training
which meets the following criteria:
- Sleep Medicine fellowship training undertaken July 1, 2009
and after must be accredited by the Accreditation Council
for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Sleep medicine fellowship
training taken prior to July 1, 2009 must be conducted within
a program affiliated with an ACGME-accredited program.
- Training experience must be consistent with guidelines established
by the ACMGE.
- The Board will require substantiation by the training program
director that the fellow's clinical performance as a sleep
medicine consultant is satisfactory. Fellows must obtain satisfactory
ratings of their ability to interpret results of the following
diagnostic tests: polysomnography, multiple sleep latency
testing, maintenance of wakefulness testing, actigraphy, portable
monitoring related to sleep disorders.
CERTIFICATION
The Sleep Medicine Certification Examination will be a comprehensive
one-day examination of multiple-choice questions in the single
best answer format with an absolute standard for passing. The
examination will assess the candidate's knowledge and clinical
judgment in aspects of sleep medicine required to perform at
a high level of competence. These include the following (a more
detailed blueprint
is available on the ABOto website):
- Normal sleep and its variants, including the chronobiology
and neurophysiology of sleep and the effects of sleep deprivation
- Organ system physiology in sleep, including the respiratory,
cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal, hematologic,
and immunologic systems
- Sleep evaluation, including sleep history and physical examination,
polysomnography and electroencephalography, sleep staging
and scoring, multiple sleep latency and maintenance of wakefulness
tests, and other appropriate evaluation techniques
- Pharmacology, including basic sleep-wake pharmacology and
drugs or other agents affecting sleep and wakefulness
- Disorders related to sleep-wake timing, including epidemiology,
pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of circadian rhythm
disorders, effects of shift work and jet lag, and other factors
disrupting sleep-wake timing
- Insomnia, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis,
and management
- Hypersomnolence unrelated to sleep-related breathing disorders,
including epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
- Parasomnias, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis,
and management of sleepwalking, sleep terrors, REM sleep behavior
disorder, confusional arousals, and enuresis
- Sleep-related movement disorders, including epidemiology,
pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of restless legs
syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder, rhythmic movement
disorder, and bruxism
- Sleep-related breathing disorders, including epidemiology,
pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of obstructive
and central sleep apnea, sleep-related hypoventilation syndromes
- Sleep in other disorders, including neurologic and psychiatric
disorders
- Considerations and disorders unique to childhood, including
safe infant sleep, behavioral insomnia of childhood, infant
apnea, sleep-onset association disorder, and apparent life-threatening
events
RECOGNITION OF SUCCESSFUL DIPLOMATES
Successful ABOto diplomates will be awarded an ABOto subspecialty
certificate in Sleep Medicine, valid for ten years.
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MAINTENANCE
OF CERTIFICATION
Individuals certified in 2002 and thereafter receive certificates
that are valid for ten years. Revalidation is accomplished by
satisfactory completion of the ABOto Maintenance of Certification
Process, which is outlined below and meets the guidelines established
by the American Board of Medical Specialties.
To remain current in the MOC process, diplomates with time-limited
certificates and participants must complete a brief form and
submit a fee annually. A penalty fee will be assessed for late
submissions.
Participants in the Maintenance of Certification process must:
1. PROFESSIONAL STANDING
a. hold a valid certificate issued by the American Board
of Otolaryngology.
b. hold a valid, unrestricted license to practice medicine
in all locations where licensed, as defined by ABOto policy.
c. hold privileges to practice otolaryngology-head and neck
surgery in hospitals or surgical centers accredited by the
Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Health Care Organizations
or AAAHC, or must provide a letter of explanation why this
requirement cannot be met.
2. LIFELONG LEARNING AND SELF-ASSESSMENT
Starting in 2011 a total of 25 Category I CME credits are required
annually.
The ABOto is in the process of developing its first self-assessment
module. As this and other modules are developed, MOC participants
will be expected to complete the requisite number of modules
over the 10 year MOC cycle.
Primary Certification - MOC participants are required to complete
a sufficient number of CME credits to meet their state's requirement
for licensure for each license held. Sixty percent of the hours
must be specifically related to otolaryngology. A few states
do not have specific requirements and for individuals in these
states, a minimum of fifteen (15) CME credits are required.
Random audits will be conducted by the ABOto to assure compliance.
It is the diplomate's responsibility to maintain the CME record.
or
Neurotology Certification - Neurotology Subspecialty certified
individuals need only participate in the Neurotology MOC program
to maintain the primary and neurotology certificates. Participants
in the Neurotology Maintenance of Certification process are
required to complete a sufficient number of CME credits to meet
their state's requirement for licensure for each license held.
Sixty percent of the hours must be either otology or neurotology
subspecialty related. A few states do not have specific requirements
and for individuals in these states, a minimum of fifteen (15)
CME credits are required. Random audits will be conducted by
the ABOto to assure compliance. It is the diplomate's responsibility
to maintain the CME record.
or
Sleep Medicine Certification - Sleep Medicine Subspecialty
certified individuals need only participate in the Sleep Medicine
MOC program to maintain the primary and sleep medicine certificates.
Participants in the Sleep Medicine Maintenance of Certification
process are required to complete a sufficient number of CME
credits to meet their state's requirement for licensure for
each license held. Sixty percent of the hours must be sleep
medicine subspecialty related. A few states do not have specific
requirements and for individuals in these states, a minimum
of fifteen (15) CME credits are required. Random audits will
be conducted by the ABOto to assure compliance. It is the diplomate's
responsibility to maintain the CME record.
3. COGNITIVE EXPERTISE
1. The Scope of Knowledge Study is the definition of the content
for the specialty and will be used for the development of the
revalidation examination, which will be conducted in a secure,
proctored environment and will be subject to psychometric and
statistical analysis.
2. Candidates will be required to complete a core component
examination which includes knowledge fundamental to the practice
of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, as well as knowledge
of practice environment issues such as quality assurance, safety,
regulations, ethics of practice, professionalism, legal and
reimbursement issues, AND one module, to be selected by the
candidate, which focuses on a specific area of otolaryngology.
The planned modules are:
- General otolaryngology
- Rhinology
- Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery
- Allergy
- Head and neck surgery
- Otology
- Pediatric otolaryngology/bronchoesophagology
- Laryngology
Neurotology for holders of the Neurotology Subspecialty Certificate.
Successful completion of both the core component examination
and the Neurotology exam will result in renewal of both the
primary and subspecialty certificates.
Sleep Medicine for holders of the Sleep Medicine Subspecialty
Certificate. Successful completion of both the core component
examination and the Sleep Medicine exam will result in renewal
of both the primary and subspecialty certificates.
4. EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE IN PRACTICE
This area remains under development.
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